Difference between revisions of "China"

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Within China, [http://wiki.dnapolicyinitiative.org/index.php?title=China_%28Hong_Kong%29 Hong Kong] has had a separate database since 2001, using the US CODIS profiling system.
 
Within China, [http://wiki.dnapolicyinitiative.org/index.php?title=China_%28Hong_Kong%29 Hong Kong] has had a separate database since 2001, using the US CODIS profiling system.
  
−
The 2008 Interpol survey reports that 126,000 crime scene DNA profiles and 1,065,000 individuals' profiles, plus 9600 unknown/deceased DNA profiles were held in China at the time of the survey. Hong Kong had 4,161 crime scene DNA profiles and 16,235 individuals' profiles.
+
The 2008 Interpol survey reports that 126,000 crime scene DNA profiles and 1,065,000 individuals' profiles, plus 9600 unknown/deceased DNA profiles were held in China at the time of the survey (Total: 1,200,600 DNA profiles). Hong Kong had 4,161 crime scene DNA profiles and 16,235 individuals' profiles. According to Interpol, China's DNA database grew to 461,513 crime scene DNA profiles, 7,701,745 reference DNA profiles from individuals, 22,718 missing persons' DNA profiles, 65,115 unidentified human remains DNA profiles and 279,999 other DNA profiles in 2011 (Total: 8,531,099 DNA profiles).
 +
 
 +
Reportedly, China's DNA database contained 20 million DNA profiles by May 2013, and 40 million by 2016, making it the largest in the world.
  
 
== Resources ==
 
== Resources ==
 
* External links
 
* External links
−
**[http://www.promega.co.uk/~/media/files/resources/conference%20proceedings/ishi%2023/poster%20abstracts/114%20poster.pdf?la=en Bin Li et al (2012): CONCORDANCE STUDY ON MAJOR STR MULTIPLEX KITS AND THE EFFECT OF USING MULTIPLE KITS ON THE CHINA NATIONAL DNA DATABASE]
+
**[https://www.aspi.org.au/report/genomic-surveillance Australian Strategic Policy Institute: Genomic surveillance: Inside China's DNA Dragnet (June 2020)]
−
**[http://www.promega.com/~/media/files/resources/conference%20proceedings/ishi%2011/poster%20abstracts/jiang.pdf?la=en Xianhua Jiang et al. (2000) STUDY OF ESTABLISHMENT MODE OF DNA DATABASE IN CHINA]
+
**[https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/05/15/china-police-dna-database-threatens-privacy Human Rights Watch: China: Police DNA Database Threatens Privacy (15th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.xueshu.com/xsjs/201604/26016051.html Ge Baichuan et al. (2016)]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510153504&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= Ji Mei-jun (2015): A Study of Several Problems on DNA Evidence and Its Review and Determination]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510144477&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= Shanxi Police Academy (2014) Application of DNA Identification Technique on Criminal Case Detection]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510140882&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= (2014) Empirical Study on the DNA Dragnet by Investigative Organizations]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510140885&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= (2014) Reflection after Solving a Murder Case Committed Nine Years Ago by the DNA Database]
 +
**[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4009716/ Ge et al. (2014). Future directions of forensic DNA databases]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510129428&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= (2013) New Ways to Find Unjust Case：Inspirations from U. S. Legislation of Post Conviction DNA Examination]
 +
**[http://www.promega.co.uk/~/media/files/resources/conference%20proceedings/ishi%2023/poster%20abstracts/114%20poster.pdf?la=en Bin Li et al. (2012). CONCORDANCE STUDY ON MAJOR STR MULTIPLEX KITS AND THE EFFECT OF USING MULTIPLE KITS ON THE CHINA NATIONAL DNA DATABASE]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510112428&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= (2012) Influencing Factors and Guarantee Measures in the Quality of DNA Identification]
 +
**[http://www.lawinfochina.com/DisplayJourn.aspx?lib=qikan&Gid=1510120260&keyword=DNA (2012) Risk and Legal Regulation of Forensic DNA Database]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510140830&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= (2010) Application of DNA Evidence in Criminal Procedure]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510098203&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= (2008) Science Studies on Fingerprinting and DNA Typing]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510068794&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= (2008) An Analysis of Gene Privacy of Criminal DNA Database]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510152510&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= (2004) On the Technique of DNA And the Fulfillment of its Legal Function]
 +
**[http://www.pkulaw.cn/fulltext_form.aspx?Db=qikan&Gid=1510065201&keyword=DNA&EncodingName= (2002) The Legal Problems of DNA PFLP Database]
 +
**[http://www.promega.com/~/media/files/resources/conference%20proceedings/ishi%2011/poster%20abstracts/jiang.pdf?la=en Xianhua Jiang et al. (2000). STUDY OF ESTABLISHMENT MODE OF DNA DATABASE IN CHINA]
 
**[http://www.promega.co.uk/~/media/files/resources/profiles%20in%20dna/203/dna%20analysis%20in%20china.pdf?la=en Hu Lan: DNA Analysis in China (1999)]
 
**[http://www.promega.co.uk/~/media/files/resources/profiles%20in%20dna/203/dna%20analysis%20in%20china.pdf?la=en Hu Lan: DNA Analysis in China (1999)]
  
 
* Press articles
 
* Press articles
 +
**[https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/tracking-dna-chinas-dna-database-could-have-chilling-future-consequences/2016589/ Tracking DNA: China’s DNA database could have chilling future consequences (8th July 2020)]
 +
**[https://www.news.com.au/world/asia/aspi-report-calls-for-chinese-government-to-cease-dna-collection-immediately/news-story/208dea8a66ae5ddcf67f2ea5aa1fafdb News.com.au: ASPI report calls for Chinese government to ‘cease’ DNA collection immediately (18th June 2020)]
 +
**[https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/17/world/asia/China-DNA-surveillance.html New York Times: China Is Collecting DNA From Tens of Millions of Men and Boys, Using U.S. Equipment (19th June 2020)]
 +
**[https://www.npr.org/2019/12/07/785804791/uighurs-and-genetic-surveillance-in-china?t=1576160521007 NPR: Uighurs And Genetic Surveillance In China (7th December 2019)]
 +
**[https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03775-y Nature: Science publishers review ethics of research on Chinese minority groups (6th December 2019)]
 +
**[https://bdnews24.com/science/2019/12/05/chinas-genetic-research-on-ethnic-minorities-sets-off-science-backlash BDNews: China’s genetic research on ethnic minorities sets off science backlash (5th December 2019)]
 +
**[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/03/business/china-dna-uighurs-xinjiang.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage New York Times: China Uses DNA to Map Faces, With Help From the West (3rd December 2019)]
 +
**[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/report-us-company-to-stop-sales-of-genetic-tech-in-xinjiang/2019/02/21/a91abb52-359f-11e9-8375-e3dcf6b68558_story.html?utm_term=.351cb362e6f7 Report: US company to stop sales of genetic tech in Xinjiang (21st February 2019)]
 +
**[http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1094161.shtml Global Times: Yunnan organizations to build ethnic minority DNA database (19th March 2018)]
 +
**[http://www.scmp.com/comment/insight-opinion/article/2136782/would-you-give-government-your-dna-may-be-step-too-far-quest South China Morning Post: Would you give the government your DNA? That may be a step too far in the quest for a hi-tech future (12th March 2018)]
 +
**[https://www.engadget.com/2018/02/22/china-xinjiang-surveillance-tech-spread/ Engadget: China's Xinjiang surveillance is the dystopian future nobody wants (22nd February 2018)]
 +
**[https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/china-dna-02092018164148.html Radio Free Asia: Senator Questions US Firm on DNA Sequencer Sales to China (9th February 2018)]
 +
**[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/03/opinion/sunday/china-surveillance-state-uighurs.html New York Times: What It’s Like to Live in a Surveillance State (3rd February 2018)]
 +
**[http://www.nature.com/news/china-expands-dna-data-grab-in-troubled-western-region-1.22033 China expands DNA data grab in troubled western region (24th May 2017)]
 +
**[https://en.qantara.de/content/china-moves-to-expand-dna-testing-in-muslim-region Qantera: China moves to expand DNA testing in Muslim region (17th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news.php?id=182926 Hong Kong Standard: Xinjiang clampdown widens to collection of DNA samples (17th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://malaysiandigest.com/world/675600-privacy-concerns-as-china-expands-dna-database.html Malaysian Digest: Privacy Concerns As China Expands DNA Database (17th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.arabnews.com/node/1100751/world Arab News: China moves to expand DNA testing in Muslim region (17th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/china-expands-dna-testing-xinjiang-muslims-security-crackdown-human-rights-watch-a7739791.html The Independent: China sparks human rights outcry by ramping up DNA testing in Muslim-dominated region (17th May 2017)]
 +
**[https://mic.com/articles/177267/china-is-preparing-to-mass-collect-dna-samples-from-muslims#.nLVjrS8Jr Mic: China is preparing to mass collect DNA samples from Muslims (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[https://www.ifex.org/china/2017/05/16/police-dna-database/ IFEX: China: Police DNA database threatens privacy (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2017/05/china-expected-expand-dna-collection-xinjiang/ China Digital Times: China Expected to Expand DNA Collection in Xinjiang (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-39945220 BBC: Privacy concerns as China expands DNA database (17th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.rfa.org/mandarin/yataibaodao/shaoshuminzu/nu-05162017104706.html RFA: 中国拟在新疆穆斯林地区扩大DNA 样本采集 (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[https://www.voanews.com/a/china-moves-to-expand-dna-testing-in-muslim-region/3853040.html Voice of America: China Moves to Expand DNA Testing in Muslim Region (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201705160045.html Asahi Shimbun: Rights group: China moves to amass DNA in Muslim region (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/china-set-to-expand-dna-testing-in-muslim-region/article18468479.ece The Hindu: China set to expand DNA testing in Muslim region (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/rights-group-china-moves-amass-dna-muslim-region-47432841 ABC: China moves to expand DNA testing in Muslim region (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/05/16/rights-group-china-moves-to-amass-dna-in-muslim-region.html Fox News: China moves to expand DNA testing in Muslim region (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.mo.be/nieuws/chinese-dna-database-dreiging-voor-privacy MO: 'Chinese DNA-database bedreiging voor privacy' (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[https://qz.com/984400/china-is-creating-a-massive-orwellian-dna-database-to-construct-harmonic-society/ Quartz: China is creating a massive “Orwellian” DNA database (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/asia-and-australia/1.789542 Haaretz: China Reportedly Creating Extensive DNA Database in Muslim Region (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.newsweek.com/china-muslim-dna-testing-uighurs-610065 Newsweek: China Subjects Muslims to Mass DNA Collection, ‘Moving Orwellian System to Genetic Level’ (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-4510124/Rights-group-China-moves-amass-DNA-Muslim-region.html Associated Press/Daily Mail: China moves to expand DNA testing in Muslim region (16th May 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1019261.shtml Global Times: Adults abandoned as babies and sent across China search for lost families (21st November 2016)]
 +
**[http://macaudailytimes.com.mo/briefs-tourist-police-officers-will-patrol-streets.html Macau Daily Times: Briefs | More Tourist Officers Will Patrol Streets (15th March 2017)]
 +
**[http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1006024.shtml Global Times: Full text: New Progress in the Judicial Protection of Human Rights in China (9) (12th September 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.sixthtone.com/news/jiangsu’s-abandoned-girls Sixth Tone: Jiangsu’s Abandoned Girls (17th August 2016)]
 +
**[http://dailycaller.com/2016/08/13/more-than-missing-why-chinas-child-trafficking-problem-isnt-going-away/ Daily Caller: More Than Missing: Why China’s Child Trafficking Problem Isn’t Going Away (13th August 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/features/health/1608/903-1.htm Women of China: DNA Database to Help Doctors Identify Genetic Diseases in Babies (8th August 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.china.org.cn/china/2016-06/09/content_38638328.htm China.org: DNA test helps police find 6 kids abducted 20 yrs ago (9th June 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-36472103 BBC News: Chinese police require DNA for passports in Xinjiang (7th June 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.shanghaidaily.com/feature/Rescue-efforts-to-find-and-save-missing-children/shdaily.shtml Shanghai Daily: Rescue efforts to find and save missing children (3rd June 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.ecns.cn/2016/05-16/210559.shtml Ecns: Web system to help find missing kids (16th May 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2016/04/14/man-abducted-19-years-ago-reunites-with-family/ The Star: Man abducted 19 years ago reunites with family (14th April 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.ecns.cn/2016/02-25/200538.shtml Ecns: DNA database helps son reunite with parents (25th February 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-02/19/content_23547236.htm China Daily: Demand surges for DNA tests after population policy change (19th February 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.shanghaidaily.com/national/Poverty-relief-is-key-in-childtrafficking-fight/shdaily.shtml Shanghai Daily: Poverty relief is key in child-trafficking fight (27th January, 2016)]
 +
**[http://www.ecns.cn/voices/2016/01-24/196898.shtml Ecns: Infant trafficking rooted in poverty, ignorance of law (24th January, 2016)]
 +
**[http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/12/12/2743s908059.htm CRJ English: 440 Trafficked Children Find Way Home in 2015 (12th December 2015)]
 +
**[http://news.kuwaittimes.net/pdf/2015/jun/28/p06.pdf Ecns: Remains of 347 expeditionary soldiers to return China (29th October 2015)]
 +
**[http://www.globalpost.com/article/6676941/2015/10/28/china-exclusive-remains-347-expeditionary-soldiers-return-china Xinhua News Agency: China Exclusive: Remains of 347 expeditionary soldiers to return China (28th October 2015)]
 +
**[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/peoplesdaily/article-3273956/Chinese-man-abducted-four-year-old-finally-reunited-parents-20-years-snatched-school-sold-family-1-400-miles-home.html Daily Mail: Chinese man abducted as a four-year-old is finally reunited with his parents 20 years after he was snatched in front of his school and sold to a family 1,400 miles from home (15 October 2015)]
 +
** [https://beijingtoday.com.cn/2015/10/buyers-of-trafficked-children-to-face-prosecution/ Beijing Today: Buyers of Trafficked Children to Face Prosecution (7 October 2015)]
 +
**[http://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/china-children-abducted-reunited/?_r=0 Sinosphere: Campaign in China Seeks to Reunite Abducted Children With Their Families (21st September 2015)]
 +
**[http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/09/18/3685s896548.htm CRIEnglish.com: China Launches DNA Collection Drive to Find Missing Children (18th September 2015)]
 +
**[http://www.globalpost.com/article/6651400/2015/09/17/national-database-open-bringing-abducted-children-home GlobalPost: National database to open for bringing abducted children home (17th September 2015)]
 +
**[http://english.anhuinews.com/system/2015/09/22/006961374.shtml Anhui News: National database opens to bring abducted children home (15 September 2015)]
 +
**[http://www.globalpost.com/article/6641146/2015/09/02/china-focus-police-urge-surrender-buyers-abducted-women-children Xinhua News Agency: China Focus: Police urge surrender of buyers of abducted women, children (September 2nd 2015)]
 +
**[http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/07/30/4161s889532.htm CRI English: Children Face Legal Hurdles to be Adopted (30th July 2015)]
 +
**[http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/chinese-citizens-step-battle-child-kidnappings-1508189 International Business Times: Chinese citizens step up to battle child kidnappings (27th June 2015)]
 +
**[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3062929/Emotional-moment-Chinese-father-reunited-son-abducted-18-years-ago-identifying-mole-arm.html Daily Mail: Emotional moment Chinese father is reunited with son who was abducted 18 years ago - after identifying him by a mole on his arm (1st May 2015)]
 
**[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2909652/Incredible-moment-man-abducted-four-year-old-reunited-father-24-YEARS-snatched-market-China.html Daily Mail: incredible moment kidnapped boy is reunited with his father - 24 YEARS after he was snatched in a market as a four-year-old and sold to childless couple (14th January 2015)]
 
**[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2909652/Incredible-moment-man-abducted-four-year-old-reunited-father-24-YEARS-snatched-market-China.html Daily Mail: incredible moment kidnapped boy is reunited with his father - 24 YEARS after he was snatched in a market as a four-year-old and sold to childless couple (14th January 2015)]
 
**[http://home.bt.com/news/world-news/kidnapped-daughter-reunited-with-mum-after-55-years-apart-11363945546492 BT: Kidnapped daughter reunited with mum after 55 years apart (24th November 2014)]
 
**[http://home.bt.com/news/world-news/kidnapped-daughter-reunited-with-mum-after-55-years-apart-11363945546492 BT: Kidnapped daughter reunited with mum after 55 years apart (24th November 2014)]

Latest revision as of 20:16, 26 January 2021

China set up a DNA database in 2004. DNA samples are collected by regional police forces and it is unclear to what extent DNA profiles are shared nationally. A DNA database has been set up to track missing and abducted children.

Within China, Hong Kong has had a separate database since 2001, using the US CODIS profiling system.

The 2008 Interpol survey reports that 126,000 crime scene DNA profiles and 1,065,000 individuals' profiles, plus 9600 unknown/deceased DNA profiles were held in China at the time of the survey (Total: 1,200,600 DNA profiles). Hong Kong had 4,161 crime scene DNA profiles and 16,235 individuals' profiles. According to Interpol, China's DNA database grew to 461,513 crime scene DNA profiles, 7,701,745 reference DNA profiles from individuals, 22,718 missing persons' DNA profiles, 65,115 unidentified human remains DNA profiles and 279,999 other DNA profiles in 2011 (Total: 8,531,099 DNA profiles).

Reportedly, China's DNA database contained 20 million DNA profiles by May 2013, and 40 million by 2016, making it the largest in the world.

Resources

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